Synthetic Graphite vs. Natural Graphite: Key Differences and Industrial Applications
Publish Time: 2019-04-22 Origin: Site
1. Production Process
Natural Graphite
Source: Mined from metamorphic rocks as flakes, amorphous, or vein graphite.
Processing: Crushed, purified (via acid/thermal treatment), and graded by size.
Purity: Typically 90–99% carbon (impurities: silica, alumina).
Synthetic Graphite
Source: Derived from petroleum coke or coal tar pitch through high-temperature graphitization (up to 3000°C).
Processing: Includes calcination, mixing, forming, baking, and graphitization.
Purity: ≥99% carbon (controlled impurity levels).
Key Difference: Synthetic graphite offers higher purity and uniformity, while natural graphite is cost-effective but less consistent.
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
| Property | Natural Graphite | Synthetic Graphite |
|---|---|---|
| Crystal Structure | Flaky/amorphous | Uniform, isotropic |
| Density | 1.5–2.2 g/cm³ | 1.7–2.2 g/cm³ |
| Thermal Conductivity | High (anisotropic) | High (isotropic) |
| Electrical Conductivity | Moderate | Excellent |
| Oxidation Resistance | Lower (impurities) | Higher (pure carbon) |
Note: Synthetic graphite performs better in high-temperature, corrosive, or precision applications due to its purity.
3. Industrial Main Applications
Natural Graphite
Batteries: Anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Refractories: Crucibles, foundry molds.
Lubricants: Dry lubricant in machinery.
Pencils/Coatings: Flexible graphite sheets.
Synthetic Graphite
Electrodes: Electric arc furnaces (EAF) for steelmaking.
Friction: Brake Pads
Semiconductors: Wafer processing components.
Aerospace: Rocket nozzles, heat shields.
Nuclear Reactors: Moderator material.
Battery : New Energyy
Carbon Raiser
Key Difference: Natural graphite suits cost-sensitive, bulk applications, while synthetic graphite excels in high-tech, extreme environments.
4. Cost & Sustainability
Natural Graphite: Lower cost but mining impacts ecosystems.
Synthetic Graphite: 2–5x more expensive due to energy-intensive production but offers recyclability.
Conclusion: Which to Choose?
For conductivity & precision: Synthetic graphite (e.g., EAF electrodes).
For affordability & scalability: Natural graphite (e.g., battery anodes).
XINGSHI supplies both graphite types, tailored to your industry needs. Contact us for technical guidance!